About Diabetes
It is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood ( hyperglycemia ), resulting from defects in either or both of the following :
1) Insulin production: Pancreatic Beta cells may stop secreting insulin i.e (Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus).
2) Insulin Action: The body cells may stop responding to insulin or there is insulin resistance e (Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus)
Types Of Diabetes Mellitus
Type-1
In diabetes type 1, the pancreas does not make insulin, because the body's immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
Genetic Predisposition – HLA genes
Autoimmune disease against Beta cells in the pancreas . Possibly viral, which causes destruction of Beta cells ( Decreased Insulin Production )
Type-2
Insulin ( high, normal or low) present but can not be utilized by body cells i.e ( Insulin resistance ) >> Other specific types ( Secondary)
Gestational Diabetes : Typically associated with pregnant women
LADA (Latent autoimmune diabetes in Adults )
| Type-1 | Type-2 | Gestational Diabetes | Latent Autoimmune Diabetes In Adults(LADA) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children to Young Adult | Adult Onset | Pregnant Women | Adults |
| Genetic Or Environmental factors | Obesity, Older age, Family history, Sedentary life style | Obesity OR Family history of Diabetes | Autoimmune, Obesity and physical inactivity |
| Insulin | Diet, exercise, oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs, Insulin and Surgery | Diet, exercise Or Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin | Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs Or Insulin |
| No | Yes | A/c to recent studies, may be some cases are preventable | May in part be preventable in some cases |
| 5 % of all case | 90 – 95 % of all cases | Up to 9 % of all pregnant women | Up to 10 % of all Diabetic cases |
